Essay about 8 1/2 Federico Fellini - 910 Words

8  ½ Federico Fellini Film 8  ½ by Italian director Federico Fellini was one of the most influential film of the post-war 1960 ´s. Nevertheless, this film is an Italian comedy which was based on Guido Anselmi a famous Italian film director. Guido Anselmi has a mental block when it comes to his film, (â€Å"director‘s block†) and struggles with his flash backs, dreams, and reality. Guido desperately tries to find an inspiration to help him finish his film. However, with the wife, mistress, and friend’s pressure it becomes much harder for Guido to focus on his film production. This film was shot in black and white and yet of the depletion of technology and the un-discovery of color, Fellini still as a filmmaking director portrays the†¦show more content†¦This makes Guido’s father look smaller in the background. This is a very good example of mise-en-scene because it’s defined as the articulation of cinematic space. In this film Fellini took very good advantage of the frame. His way of placing characters is quite fascinating he almost places them like if they’d been on a stage while filmmaking. Camerawork was the second of many techniques that Federico Fellini used for the production of 8  ½. The way Fellini used the camera to show close ups, long shots, images, frame within a frame, and montage were very eye catching to the audience. One example would be, the scene where Guido remembers when he was younger and how he was wrapped with sheets. Then suddenly he starts to fantasize that all the women who live in the house with him, where carrying him. Fellini focused on that specific scene where Guido ´s face is far beyond noticeable on the camera and the viewer can clearly see his face expressions. The audience can almost feel as if they where there with Guido in that same house. Another good example of Fellini’s great camerawork would be the scene where Guido is in some sort of sauna with many m en and women, and the audience can clearly see Guido’s facial expressions when he sees the woman in some sort of bath robe walking to her side of the women ´s sauna. Guido rapidly, gets distractedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Federico Fellini1702 Words   |  7 Pages One of the most influential Italian cinemas film directors was Federico Fellini, who became popular after World War II. The filmography of Fellini included 24 titles; of which won him five Academy Awards including the most Oscars in history for best foreign language film (Encyclopaedia Britannica). 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Thus, auteurist concerns can be summarised as appealing to the articulation and reception ofRead MoreReview Of Woody Allen s Wild Strawberries 1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfilmmaker, Federico Fellini’s 8  ½. According to a well-known documentary titled Woody Allen: A Documentary (2005), author and film critic, F.X. Feeney mentioned that Stardust was where Allen and his team pulled off a stylistic move, an ambitious magic trick, â€Å"and because of that, the audience didn’t feel that they could relate to it as personally as they did to his other films† (Weide and Allen, 2012). It was swamped with negative reviews, mainly stating that it was a knockoff of 8  ½ and Bergman’sRead MoreAnnie Hall Is A 1977 Romantic Comedy Directed And Co Written By Woody Allen1646 Words   |  7 Pagesabandon the safety net of a solely comedic movie in order to explore deeper concepts and although Allen claims that the film is not autobiographical, the commonalities between he and Alvy are obvious. 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What techniques do the writers of the British Red Cross use to influence and have a powerful effect on their readers Free Essays

Both adverts, the British Red Cross appeal and the Amnesty International appeal are written for the same reason†¦ to get sympathy from the readers and to persuade them to financially support the charity. The reader needs to be convinced there is a strong reason to commit to the charity if they are to hand over part of their income. Although the two appeals are both very, very affective, they are both laid out in totally different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on What techniques do the writers of the British Red Cross use to influence and have a powerful effect on their readers? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The writer’s of both appeals have created highly persuasive appeals using emotive and intensely personal language. It is very carefully and cleverly constructed and a logical reason to donate to the charity is developed throughout both. The Amnesty International appeal is set out in columns which makes it look like a newspaper advertisement, it is very attention grabbing and this style really breaks up the content, this makes the readers want to read it as it’s not just a bunch of words all together. The British Red Cross appeal is set out in a letter format which makes the plea more personal to the reader, this makes the reader want to read it as it’s addressing them. In the British Red Cross appeal, they contain a logo in the top corner which makes the appeal creditable, the readers know it’s an official company and the money will be going to a good cause. Both the British Red Cross and the Amnesty International appeals contain images which give a sense of reality. The British Red Cross appeal has an image of an old woman who the case study is based upon. She looks very fragile and vulnerable, and is wearing rag type clothing and it looks like she has most of her belongings in a little sack which is thrown over her shoulder, this tells the reader that she doesn’t own many belongings and shows her poor status in life. The Amnesty International appeal has two boxes, one filled with black and one filled with white, these colours totally contrast each other. This appeal also has a cartoon drawing of a man hanging from the word â€Å"you’ll† , this suggests that it will be you hanging unless you agree. In the British Red Cross appeal the paragraphs are nice and short, therefore easy to read. This means that people won’t get bored of reading it, and will probably read the whole letter, rather than the first couple of lines. The first thing the writer does is try to earn the reader’s trust. From the very start the letter opens an intensely direct and personal contact, the writer uses direct appeal quite a lot through-out the appeal. In the opening paragraph the writer instantly mentions the vulnerable old lady, he tries to create a sympathetic mood from the reader instantly. We see this in the quote â€Å"But few of us, thankfully, will never have to endure what 74-year-old Slana Djujic is going through.† this quote tries to get the reader to think what she could be going through, it tempts us to read on to find out what she’s having to endure. In the next paragraph he says â€Å"Slana lives with her disabled son in Javdranj† the fact that her son is disabled makes us think that although she is old an vulnerable she has her son to look after as well. The quote â€Å"they are the only ones left in this once bustling village† tells us that they are the sole survivors of the village, no one else has been able to cope with the situation. â€Å"When 200,000 people left the Krajina in 1995, fleeing the ethnic fighting, Slana and her son were too weak to join the exodus. She said goodbye to her daughter, Nadia, knowing she might never see her again.† this quote shows the massive scale of people that left the Krajina, it also shows us that Slana is having to make sacrifices by saying goodbye to her daughter because she along with her son are too weak to leave with the crowd. They are now stuck in a wooden shack which has probably been thrown together, it has no electricity or gas. This shows the lack of money and the poor state of life. The quote â€Å"Slana’s story shows only too well that, in winter, people depend on the Red Cross even more.† shows us that people are desperate for help and are completely dependant on charities for help. â€Å"With a gift of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15, a mobile Red Cross team could ensure that someone like Slana has fuel for cooking and heating. Could you give that à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15?† the writer has made this quote bold so it really stands out, the writer uses a rhetorical question here to make us think ‘can we give that 15?’ , the fact that this isn’t a huge amount of money to us, but can do so much for the people like Slana makes us feel that its worth giving it to them so they can change someone’s life. â€Å"Let me tell you about 77-year-old Percy Jones. Percy was admitted to hospital†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this quote starts off in a very conversational way, ‘let me tell you’, it sounds like the writer is having a one on one talk with you, the fact he’s 77 and has been admitted to hospital makes us feel sympathy for him. â€Å"he couldn’t even bend to light the fires in his house.† this tells us that he is too old and too un-able to do basic every day things. â€Å"with no heat in the dead of winter, this frail, elderly man could have succumbed to hypothermia† the writer uses a technical term here to show the extent of the situation. â€Å"Thankfully, the local branch of the British Red Cross was alerted, and a volunteer was assigned to help. He made sure that the fires were kept alight and that Percy was kept warm.† this quote tells us basically exactly what the people at the British Red Cross do. We instantly feel that what their doing is great and we think back to the rhetorical question of whether or not we could give that à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 to change their lives. â€Å"Separated by thousands of miles and two different cultures, Slana and Percy are united in one thing: their need for the Red Cross to be there in winter.† this shows us that this is a world wide problem, and that they need the Red Cross. â€Å"Just as we need you to be there for us.† this is very direct to the reader and makes us think that the Red Cross can’t help the people like Slana and Percy without us helping the Red Cross and donating some money. â€Å"Whatever you can give today will help us deliver the extra supplies of fuel, food or blankets that people urgently need at this time of year.† this tells us that any donations at all are appreciated and welcomed. â€Å"For the sake of people like Slana and Percy, please be as generous as you can.† this makes us feel that the Red Cross just want to help people like them out and make their lives better. In the Amnesty International appeal the writer says â€Å"what matters is that you conform, and to make you conform the State had only one weapon. Fear.† in this quote the word ‘conform’ is repeated to make sure you hear it. The word ‘fear’ is isolated at the end to give it great impact. â€Å"You are one of the few prepared to speak out against the State† this is direct appeal, it makes us feel as though the writers talking about us. In the quote â€Å"Initially it’s just harassment, threats and phone calls.† the key word is ‘just’ this makes it seem like nothing, and the situation seems calm. â€Å"To continue to speak out against the State at this stage takes enormous courage.† this quote uses emotive language and tells us that the State is very strong and it will take something with a lot of guts to stand up to the State and speak their mind. â€Å"You’re simply ‘lifted’ from the street in full public view† this suggests that you are just an object, humiliated in front of the public. â€Å"It serves as a useful warning to anyone else who may be thinking the same dangerous thoughts.† this quote suggests that it’s showing others what happens if you talk you mind and stand up against the State. Overall both of the charities are very effective, however I think that the British Red Cross appeal is more persuasive and shows how genuine the charity actually is, where as the Amnesty International appeal is more like a law book and doesn’t look very good. If I was to choose a charity to donate to I would choose the British Red Cross advert because you’ve seen two different examples of people it’s helping. How to cite What techniques do the writers of the British Red Cross use to influence and have a powerful effect on their readers?, Papers

Customer Loyalty Program Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Customer Loyalty Program Management. Answer: Introduction A group of ten hotel chains decided to merge their business and create a new chain of hotels Stay Together that will provide accommodations at lower prices. The increasing competition and market pressure have led the companies to take this decision. The report presented here will critically evaluate the decision of the company, and the main focus of the report will be on the four major decisions taken by the management to attract customers and increase the business for the chain of hotels. These decisions are taken mainly to create a brand image, attracting customers, creating loyalty, and affecting the customer choice of hotels(Bagger Tranberg, 2015). The decision taken are correct or not will be discussed in the report along with some recommendations and suggestions that will help in improving the decisions taken by the company. A conclusion will help in understanding what the report want to reflect and provide some more suggestion on other streams that management can explore to ma ke its business better(Capaldi, 2016). The market is turning global, and many big competitors are eating the small businesses by providing better facilities at lower prices. For a single company, it was becoming difficult to handle the increasing pressure of providing lower priced accommodations in the hotel. Therefore, thegroup of ten hotel chains has decided to merge their businesses and create a new chain of hotels known as Stay Together. This Stay Together chain of the hotels that includes thousands of hotels falling in the categories of backpacker, bed breakfast homes to luxurious suites spread across the world. The hotel rooms could be hired from popular websites, but that will reduce the profits and may affect the corporate image of the company negatively(Ergin, Par?lt?, Ozsacmac?, 2011). The company has decided to use a single website that will provide higher prices for hotel rooms in the peak seasons. Other than this the management has decided four programs that will according to them help in increasing the com petitive value of the company and gain customers. The decisions of the management are discussed below: - Customer Loyalty Scheme- the management has decided to launch a customer loyalty scheme called Stay Together Loyalty scheme. Under this scheme, the loyal customers will be getting customer rewards like airport transfers, free nights, and car parking on the sites. Loyalty programs are highly acceptable and one of the most used technique to attract customers by the corporate companies(Jarrah, 2015). A loyalty scheme affects the decision-making process of a customer. It is true that travelers select their stay according to the price and place, but loyalty programs bring back the customer to the same hotel again and again. This works well especially for those who are frequent traveler or commute between cities for work. It could include more features like referring the hotel to a friend will provide points and easy accommodations. The loyal customers should be regularly informed about the offers and discounts hotels are offering to increase the customers(Jayakanth, Adalarasu, 2016). Free Buffets Breakfast and Dinners- Every customer looks for the scheme by hotels that are value for money and certainly getting a free breakfast and dinner is a great deciding factor that will attract customers. For a hotel providing meals in buffet system is less costly than serving individual table as different people have different choice. Now the hidden factor can be that the hotels can include the costing of the meals in the price of the room and reflect it as free for the guest. The free word and that to food attracts the customers, and that will increase the booking for the hotels(Kapera, 2015). Though customers are smart enough as they understand that nothing comes for free and the amount of food will be added in the room prices, but many people prefer to eat at hotel as they do not want to go out and find good restaurants at late hours. Also, the prices for them eating individual dinners will be higher than what customers will pay at hotels. The only issue is the choice of food people have and a correct number of people that will be using the benefits of free meal. This calculation is very important for the hotel(le Roux, Pretorius, 2016). Rebates- if a customer uses a particular airline than he will get some rebates that can be used for a free meals or nights. The offer is good and attractive as there are many people who will try to use a particular airline to get a rebate. The company can get in a contract with airlines and promote their hotels through that company. This type of promotion is more beneficial in the areas that are connected with airports, or the hotels that include luxurious suits that are hired by high-income people who regularly travel through flights(Lipponen, Wisse, Jetten, 2016). This scheme will attract only a limited section of the customers. Also, this scheme is more beneficial for the airlines company rather than the hotels as the airlines company is gaining the customers and the hotels are giving the rebates, though the promotion technique will be attracting customers, it will be paying all expenses there is no surety of that. Corporate Social Responsibility- Every person want to corporate in performing his or social responsibilities. Many of them wants to do something, but they dont get the means to do it. This scheme of donating a percentage of the total bill of the customer to a charity is a great thought. Thiswill increase the CSR of the group of hotels, and people will appreciate the efforts company is taking to help other. Though, it is a great thought and people will appreciate it, but will it attract more customers is doubtful. People when coming back from there stay to remember the fun they had and what facilities they enjoy, but such donation process is forgotten by them. Thus, using it as a scheme for attracting customers is quite low as compared to other three management decision(Mansour Ghazi, 2016). After analysis the four decisions that the group took to increase the competitive value of the company in the hospitality industry it is clear that out of four only three decisions will help the company to gain the competitive value the company aims for. Stay Together group of hotels aim to gain the market share against its competitors using these four decisions, and they will help in gaining the competitive advantage. The scheme of stay together loyalty program is the best option to attract the customers and also retain them with the company. The other decision of giving free breakfast and dinner is also a good option to attract customers as they prefer taking an accommodation that provides meals and if it is free, then the stay for them becomes the value for money(Massey, Barreras, 2013). The third decision of providing rebates on using selected airlines is not a very effective process as it will provide more benefits to the airlines rather than the group of hotels and also it can target a very limited segment of customers. The fourth decision is very good in term of personal sanity and responsibility of the companys social responsibility and will be appreciated by the customers, but will it attract customers in taking the stay in the hotels has no surety. Hence, it is important to again go through the decisions taken, and better programs should be introducing to attract customers(Mathe, Scott-Halsell, Roseman, 2016) Information System and Information Technological Issues the Company will Face It is assumed that the company has developed its website for making the bookings for the hotels and the company staff will be operating it to make the reservations. There are many issues that the company will face due the new procedure that the company will follow to book the hotel rooms in the thousands of the hotels in the company(McCall, McMahon, 2016). Some issues are discussed below: - Data conversion- with ten different groups and thousands of the hotels will have so much of data and combining all data and making it useful is a huge task. Every group of hotel would have been following its method of storing the customers data, some would be manual and some would be technical.A customer loyalty program can only have followed when all data will compile together, and the customers of all ten group of the hotels are sorted to make a single data base especially designed for Stay Together group of the hotels(Mndzebele, 2016). Technology Compatibility- the customer, is a word that includes everyone alive and has a means to use a product or services. The customers are of all kinds; they are educated, uneducated, technology friendly, or even technology haters. Thus, it is very difficult to target the customers that are not technology friendly and cannot use the application of the website to book a room for oneself. Even the staff of the hotels also have to technology friendly to exercise the changes that group has introduced in the system(Soares, Rebelo, 2012). Employment Issues- The change in company policies and the usage of new technology will increase some post in the group of hotels and will reduce some post. A lot of work will be handled by the machines that were before handled by the human being. This will make people lose their jobs. Along with it, everyone could not use machines and technology easily a trained person is required to do so, therefore need of technicians will create a new post in the group of hotels. This will raise the employment issue in the company(Woodard, Chiu, Power, Vedenov, Klose, 2017). Legal Issues- many technologies need to be patented before using if any group is using any such technology than changing the ownership will raise patent issues. Also, a new technology introduction in the company will require patents that will ask for more legal issues. Scalability issues- the increased size of the company requires the growth of advance and hi-tech system to maintain the working of the company. The change in management can raise the issue of scalability in different levels of the organization(Yu Yeh, 2013). User Interface Issues-the application used by the group of hotels has to be in accordance with users. If it is not the case, then it will create issues related to user interface. Such issue affects the customers choice as these issues affects the customers experience towards the company and also affects the customers loyalty towards the company. The management should work on making the experience of booking the hotels and later the stay user friendly and memorable to increase the customer attraction and loyalty for the company(Bagger Tranberg, 2015). Recommendations for the Company The company should opt for a CRM software that will help the company to store the data of the customers at one place and can be used by anyone who has the authority of using it. The company should use its present staff for the new post that company will create due to the merger of groups. The employees should be informed about the change that will take place in the company due to the merger. The application developed to book the hotels should be user-friendly in both ways. The customers can use it easily to book their stay and operators at the company can book the place according to the customers information(Capaldi, 2016). Conclusion In the hospitality sector the customers comfort is the top priority whether it is in the form of the services the hotels are providing during the stay or experience customers have during the booking procedure. Stay Together is a merger of ten different group of hotel to accommodate the pressure of the lower priced the hotel stay. To fight the increasing competition, the company has to work on the companys methods of attracting customers, as it will help in increasing the flow of customers and their loyalty. Thus, it is concluded that a company has to make sure that the policies company is using for developing its business should help in increasing the customers satisfaction. References Bagger Tranberg, C. (2015). Storing Information on Users Devices. European Data Protection Law Review, 1(2), 130-136. Capaldi, N. (2016). New (Other?) Directions in Corporate Social Responsibility. International Journal Of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1). Ergin, E., Par?lt?, N., Ozsacmac?, B. (2011). Impact of Loyalty Cards On Customers Store Loyalty. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 6(2). Jarrah, M. (2015). Evaluation of Electronic Customer Knowledge Mediating by Electronic Customer Attraction on Electronic Customer Acquisition. International Journal Of Customer Relationship Marketing And Management, 6(3), 33-47. Jayakanth, S., Adalarasu, D. (2016). Dimension of Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Business. Bonfring International Journal Of Industrial Engineering And Management Science, 6(4), 158-165. https://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.8304 Kapera, I. (2015). Hotel promotion as viewed by customers. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczeci?skiego. Service Management, 15, 49-55. le Roux, C., Pretorius, M. (2016). Conceptualizing the Limiting Issues Inhibiting Sustainability Embeddedness. Sustainability, 8(4), 364. Lipponen, J., Wisse, B., Jetten, J. (2016). The different paths to post-merger identification for employees from high and low status pre-merger organizations. Journal Of Organizational Behavior. Mansour Ghazi, K. (2016). Hotel Maintenance Management Practices. Journal Of Hotel Business Management, 5(1). Massey, S., Barreras, R. (2013). Introducing Impact Validity. Journal Of Social Issues, 69(4), 615-632. Mathe, K., Scott-Halsell, S., Roseman, M. (2016). The Role of Customer Orientation in the Relationship Between Manager Communications and Customer Satisfaction. Journal Of Hospitality Tourism Research, 40(2), 198-209. McCall, M., McMahon, D. (2016). Customer Loyalty Program Management. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 57(1), 111-115. Mndzebele, N. (2016). The Relationship between e-Commerce Adoption and Competition in the Hotel Industry. International Journal Of Information And Education Technology, 6(5), 394-397. Soares, M., Rebelo, F. (2012). Ergonomics in design: solutions and proposals for a better interface with the user. Theoretical Issues In Ergonomics Science, 13(1), 1-3. Woodard, J., Chiu, L., Power, G., Vedenov, D., Klose, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Changes in Managerial Decisions. Agribusiness. Yu Yeh, C. (2013). Applying Economic Methods on Analyzing Hostel Industry. Journal Of Hotel Business Management, 02(01).

The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism Tourism Essay Essay But most of all travel programs are made to develop an country non sufficiently focused on the development of local human resources. That is progressively isolated from the human resources of touristry development is carried out due to their inability to execute. Tourism impact member or a important impact on society, peculiarly to local occupants, before keeping an event should take into history the effects of these events on economic and socio-cultural community. Among the benefits of hosting the event of certain persons. Example of hotel and resort operators, nutrient and drink concern and trade sellers. When the athleticss held their additions from the gross revenues will increase because many tourers would come to see store. In add-on they can advance interesting merchandises that have non been promoted by the trader another trader. This will give chances to people to happen out their gross revenues consequences and the stableness of the economic system rose due to foreign currency exchange rates and therefore can increase the balance of payments. With the returns from the authorities to bring forth economic net income from the reaching of a big population. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The function of the touristry event of the obvious facets of the development of a touristry finish. Forming events for local causes many to take the enterprise to venture into concern little or open the endowment of the persons that had been extinguished in the ego. In add-on to advancing touristry events for local communities to prosecute in commercial concerns such as keepsake. Making a traditional nutrient that we can demo it to tourers tourers who are interested in seeking the nutrient. It is clearly apparent to the tourers who have non been seeking to eat that is non in their state. For them there is a pride in themselves and function as a memory. Organization of events events to promote international investors to put in a finish. Because investors are interested in spread outing income, because the finish has the possible to be developed or the capacity to be developed for the occupants of flax and high member to investors that they are so moneymaking for-profit concern in the hereafter. This was apparent in 1990 ; the touristry development plan is increasing consciousness of its importance to the state because the bing strategic touristry events planned for the Province of Novel Scotia ( Get, 1997 ) . Travel the international-class featuring event to profit many local communities due to widespread support from the international. To acquire a response from the tourers they must play a cardinal function in pulling tourers to an tourer potency of featuring events and athleticss equipment in order to finish attractive to tourers. With the attempts of the athletics can better the economic system. Because the demands and demands of tourers should be introduced for athletics activities or bundles that are appropriate to the mark market. Sports and touristry intertwined as an of import subject since 1998, so that in 1999.Infrastructure building and the reaching of more voluntaries to assist the economic system in the part and to cut down the cost of development. A sum of four 20 two per centum of the touristry events around the universe are athleticss Sports Tourism International Council on tahun1994. For a underdeveloped state hosting the event is an chance to assist advance economic growing and societal development and heighten the cooperation between many states. Sports touristry funded from the company the international corporations that maintain high criterions of corporate administration is good concern is really of import to assist beef up the trade name for the organisation or a brotherhood every bit good as to heighten a healthy civilization of corporate duty. Recommended the undermentioned steps to be implemented to construct the assurance of investors is bettering transparence and regulative environment, In add-on to assisting the industry to make regulations that increase the consistence of authorities policies to better the airing of economic information. In the disposal of athleticss touristry is good non merely a corporate organic structure of jurisprudence abiding, but happening the right ethical blessing. Therefore, companies need to do the coverage of a State capable of development as an attempt to better the administration of a good concern to heighten the economic system of the state. There are a few factors that lead to positions of local communities on touristry activities is of import is that local communities have a connexion and relationship of the foreign tourers. When travellers receive good intervention from the local, it will hold a positive impact on the satisfaction of tourers who visit. Local community is the beginning of the taxpayer and straight benefits the authorities. Because the income earned from the tourers to give a clear betterment or impact the economic system. In add-on, a State can cut down the load on any society when the economic system becomes more member benefits. In decision, athleticss touristry continues to be the focal point of foreign investors in the hereafter due to political stableness and execution of business-friendly environment of inspiration. In add-on to works theoretical account to pull investors because of differences are rare. This is decidedly athleticss touristry to give consequence to the good illustration of a good exchange of tourers to hike the economic system of the state and improved the degree of good and Development. Therefore the authorities should be is smart design of the first set before running the athletics is non valid for the jobs of the tourers. For their reaching to give a point of pride for them, peculiarly Olympic athletics. ( 991 Wordss )

Explain why the bank of Englan essays

Explain why the bank of Englan essays The policy of overfunding corresponded with the view of pragmatic monetarism of the early eighties. However its utilisation was a direct result of what went before it. The corset and credit controls were the main tools that the authorities used to control the money supply in the years preceding overfunding. Therefore it is useful to consider these policies as a precursor to examining overfunding. The corset was different from previous schemes of monetary control in that it didnt differentiate between bank lending to the public or private sector. In this way the government felt that it would be able to permit competition between banks and avoid freezing the distribution of deposits between them (Dow and Saville, 1988,pp154). The corset was designed to work hand in hand with other schemes the were already in place and imposed a limit on the banking system as a whole rather than on individual establishments thanks to the transfer provisions in the scheme. The corset was generally a success. In our brief description we saw that the corset was in tended to control the bank systems lending as a whole over the six years of its existence it appeared to have done this. The system was not ever-present after its introduction in 1973. In fact originally it was only in place for little over a year. It was then reinforced in 1976 , for a much shorter time, before its final stint between 1978 and 1980. Over this time the growth if the banks sterling deposits were kept , in the majority, within the targeted zones. However there is some debate as to whether the banks would have chosen this rate of growth regardless of the presence of the penalties. This is illustrated by the fact that when the corset was first imposed the demand for bank loans went from a lofty position and fell away quickly. This shows that the new legislations were not having a particularly drastic effect. However the fact these criticisms can be refuted by ...

Business Management of Cloud Services

Business Management of Cloud Services 1. Establish executive support Senior management team must understand and take responsibility for the successful adoption of cloud services. Pressures will come from a number of key players in any cloud decision: IT, finance, procurement, and the user community. The IT community is most concerned about global access and impact on networks, security, user performance, etc. The key to their support is a globally-aware architectural plan for cloud implementation. Finance and procurement are most concerned about saving money. The key to executive support is a well-thought ROI rationale and calculation. Users are often most concerned scaling the environment in lock-step with changes to the business. The key to executive support from this group is to demonstrate higher elasticity from the cloud. 2. Address organizational change management Management must understand and address the pressures introduced by cloud computing on the organization. Cloud computing will introduce change to the normal IT development and deployment processes, breaking down many organizational barriers and norms. At the heart of change is fear of loss-primarily, loss of control. The change must have a well-managed, well-planned process for mitigating fear of loss. Embracing change is critical to success. 3. Establish commitment The organization must be fully committed to developing and executing a strategic plan for cloud computing within the enterprise. Adoption of cloud computing should be led by senior management including the CEO and CFO with the CIO and CTO playing a role of key enablers. 4. Carefully evaluate cloud service agreements to ensure critical business needs Do not use service agreements for a fundamentally broken system that cannot meet the expectations being set. The service agreement is a shared responsibility and simply moving a service to a cloud provider does not mean that the service will magically work. Buy service, not servers. Look for complete managed s ervices where you rely on the cloud provider to integrate all the parts into a complete solution. A properly negotiated service agreement will ensure there is a partnership between the customer and provider for the overall success of the service. 5. Address federated governance Cloud services are by nature distributed, but most command-and-control systems for managing IT are hierarchical. To succeed, some degree of distributed control and federated governance is necessary to match the model of cloud service delivery. Before making a decision on a cloud service provider, it is important to understand how the cloud service will be managed and what processes need to be integrated into the existing IT environment. 6. Rationalize security and privacy At the heart of security is trust. Often cloud providers have a deeper awareness of what is required to provide good security than the customers they serve. However, the customer and cloud service provider must work together to estab lish a trust relationship and to establish the security and privacy required. Document the level of security required to properly protect the service and data and let the provider confirm how the requirements will be met. Objectively measure the provider’s true security capabilities. It is critical that sensitive information does not find its way into the wrong hands. The provider is responsible for ensuring that the data has appropriate protection, consistent with the requirements of the SLA. 7. Comply with legal and regulatory requirements An organization must be aware of and plan for adherence to legal and regulatory requirements, including those related to security, privacy and accessibility. Failure to comply can derail the cloud computing effort and result in costly lawsuits. 8. Define metrics and a process for measuring impact Create operational metrics which define steady state success – define how the metrics will be measured. Use metrics to assess cos t savings and revenue enhancement, and to validate SLA compliance, including elasticity, availability, performance globalization, etc. By measuring results, there will be a baseline from which to make better decisions for future cloud services with the goal of continual ROI improvement

Essay on the topic of validity in Qualitative research

On the topic of validity in Qualitative research - Essay Example Hence to be able to gain these reliable results triangulation has also been implemented. The benefits of triangulation have been mentioned further in the paper. A paradigm can have various meanings. It refers to â€Å"your basic beliefs† and your approach to the world which affects the way you define your research and how you collect and analyse data (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 47). The research approaches that can be used in studies comprise of a mixture of both the â€Å"phenomenological paradigm† which is also referred to as a â€Å"qualitative† approaches and the â€Å"positivistic paradigm† also known as the â€Å"quantitative† approach (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 47). â€Å"Phenomenological† is based on the word â€Å"phenomenon† which means a fact that happened or an event that was witnessed. With the phenomenological approach the focus is on â€Å"understanding the human behaviour from the participant’s own frame of reference† (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 53). As this approach is related to an event within a context of time and place, the aim is to investigate an event by carrying out your own research to â€Å"construct new theory to explain the phenomenon† (Collis & Hussey, 2003, pp. 56-57) or use existing theory. The aim and focus with this approach is â€Å"on the quality and depth of data† (Collis & Hussey, 2003, pp. 56-57). With the positivistic paradigm, the emphasis is on using measurement to find out the relationships between facts and causes of the phenomenon. This is â€Å"an essential element of the research process under this paradigm† (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 57). This approach is useful when there is a need to conduct statistical analysis (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 56). A positivistic approach will be used and the researcher will be independent, will not be influenced by the subject of research, and will

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies Essay

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies - Essay Example According to recent estimates 77.9 million Asians reside in different parts of the world and 215,764,000 people migrated to different parts of the globe in the year 2010 (MPI data, 2012). The figures illustrate the significance of transnational migration and provide the base for numerous research studies. Migration Information Source (MIS) is an integral part of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) that caters to the compilation and assimilation of data collected from different global organizations, government bodies and agencies on migratory trends and statistics. The data collected by the MIS is structured and collated to provide analytical evidence of transnational migration trends. The online information resource forms a vital source for information and data on migration movements enabling analysts to provide different perspectives on people movement for improved understanding of migration. The reports, data and statistics are accessible to journalists, policymakers, researchers and academicians online (MIS website, 2012). Research context – background and overview Global migration has been one of the important aspects driving the economic growth and development of any region. While migration in the ancient times was limited to trade and settlement purposes, the modern era defined new grounds for migration and the number of people migrating from one country to another continues to increase (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002). Migration of people from one region to another had immense social, cultural and economic implications. Researchers, academicians and policy makers realized the need to have instant access to migration data for analyzing social development, cultural impacts, and economic growth factors. However, there were very few reliable sources of information available on people migration from one country to another earlier. The need for an easily accessible and reliable source of data in this context was realized. The MIS was conceived as a part of the MPI, that forms a non-profit organization based in Washington. The goal of the MPI was to â€Å"deliver sound and accurate data and analysis on migration trends and refugees† (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002, p3). The online information service was thus conceptualized in the early 2000s to facilitate data collection and analysis of international migration. Numerous research studies on transnational geographies have focused on analyzing migration trends and its influence on social, cultural and economic development of any region. A research article by Radcliffe, Silvey, and Olson (2006) explored the political dimensions of transnational migration and its linkages to religious beliefs, cultural practices and economic development within a region. The paper explores the different perspectives and conclusive evidences offered by numerous research studies in this context. Another research study by Silvey (2004) seeks to explain the role of States of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in shap ing migratory trends of women between the two countries. A more recent study by Blunt (2007) focused on the inter-linkages existing between the cultural environment of a region and transnational mobility. Faist (2008) in his works on migration and transnational development reflects on â€Å"how national states structure the transnational spaces in which non-state actors are engaged in cross-border

Educational psychology Essay Example for Free

Educational psychology Essay Role Responsibility and Relationship in life long learning Definition: Role and responsibilites To teach, asses and plan, deliver, and evaluate The following assignment will discuss the role and responsibility of a teacher in long life learning The role of a teacher in lifelong learning sector is to deliver curriculum set out by the awarding body. Their role is to maintain their responsibilities by providing learners with a suitable and safe environment, health and safety work act1974] recording changes by complying relevant admin ensures records are up to date,plan lessson. Prepare teaching materials, do research. assess learners . keep record of attendance. The main role is to encourage and facilitate communication in such a way that all learners can enter into a wider range surrounding of the topic they have choosen ,ensuring all session aims and objectives, are meaningful . fficeint and effective to learners ensuring the teaching roles incorporates with ongoing administration and assessment, The main responsibility of a teacher in the long life learning is to continually reassess a leaner development, and change during course the and create seamless transition to ensure smooth delivery as learners develop better understanding of aims and objectives ,their needs change and this must be identify in continual reassessment . Teachers responsibility to monitor evaluate and improve quality and effectiveness of their delivery by taking in account learners changing needs. Our responsibility is to keeping up to date in teaching [cpd]. maintaining high standards in your work and conducts, complying with the rules of the organization you are apart of as well as code of practice,every child matters (EMC),be safe ,be healthy. enjoy and achieve. Assess upon induction to the course , this will allow the teacher to pinpoint who needs additional support, Or one to one one choosing a learning style within a group ,considering learners motivation and previous experiences ,help identify various teaching methods ,as good teachers know that not all leaners ability to learn will be the same. The methods i will choose to use will help each learner individually. First step is to assess student include standardized test it can be formal or informal which is from text book or ciurriculum this assessment can give you ideas of their academic level these are some of the teaching methods that can be used [1] direct instruction is not t he most effective method ,inquiry-based learning method which is rapidly gaining popularity in the united state based on scienctific method, this teaching method can be used for virtually all subjects, it takes a lot of energy and planning but often effective, [2]Cooperate learning it another method that is consired highly effective ,where students are put in small groups to work together not group by ability. various teaching method can be used throughtout teaching program session incooperating visual, a visual learner learns through looking at images, mind maps demonstration and body language. Knessthetic learner learns best through doing and intracting ,auditory learns best through spoken words ,ensure all learne rs have an equal opportunity to re-valuate which method will satisfied their need. Maslow hierarchy of needs suggested that if a leaner basic needs are not met then they will not be able to function. The pyramid is useful model for teachers to use in lifelong learning sector to identify learners emotional and physical needs. One of the role of a teacher is to is not meeting his/or her requirement and their could be a need . so we can direct a learner to the right directon we must use our knowledge to structure the lesson plan and classroom enviroment and try to meet as many needs as possible especially safety and esteem . It is important to recognize the differences in the learners we teach as these may influence how we react with them. To act professionally as teachers we will want to ensure that we behave in ways acceptable to all our learners , how we communicate with learners, making sure they understand, use approite vocabulary and termanalogy ,ensure your comment will not be taken discrimmatory ,or offensive and that your body language is approiate ,taking into account race ,gender. age previous experience or background[equality and dirversity] Dirversity is defind by otherness or those human qualities that are different from our own and outside the group to which we belong yet we are present in other individuals or group says [University of Maryland 1995] stating that everyone is different regardless of skin,intellect,talent or years. Equality in education is not about treating everyone the same , it is about giving everyone an equal opportunity, to access learning experiences. In lifelong learning each individual must be treated fair regardless of their learning disability ,as teachers if a learner has a learning diability such as Dysiexia we must provide the leaner within their rights the support they may require such as a scribe to help with literacy/numeracy ,softwares, cd possibly using slide , to help that leaner to complete their work. and achieve their qualification. Involve Learners We need to involve all learners while teaching and so that they understand what is required of them ,this will give them inspiration and confidence to achieve their qualification. We need them to understand what is required of them . uch as getting them to read the criteria of their course the requirement of governing body,they must understand timing so they know how long they are allow to complete a task given and be aware of house rules, not eating and drinking in classroom , respecting rights of others, not being critical or bullying others in the groups. Importance of health and safety act . Evaluation is to review what we taught and wether we provide learners with correct information in the right way so we can continually inprove on teaching in the right way, it heps to understand our learners too As teachers its important to give feed back to learners so they know where they are going and what to improve on whilst working towards their qualification,we can use positive impression encouraging feedback and one of the negative areas to improve on without knocking their confidence. the positive way will motivate the leaner and build their confidence. My role as a tutour in long life learning is to the leaners the awarding body and the institute,college ect,keeping them safe by following , health and safety guidlines , identify individual learning needs ect. supporting their needs emotionally through their learning, promote Eguality and Diversity,learners confidentially,Data proctection. As a tutour my role and responsiblites is to up to date my skills required of us teachers ,in line with polices such as COSHH;and Health and Safety Guidelines then we are of good standard to our learners. My role and responsiblites is to follow the legilslation relating to Health and safety the responsibility to a safe environment to my leaners and myself Health amp;Safety Act 1999. Manual Operation. Management of the health amp;safety at work. Coshh, d isability Discrimination Act1995. code of practice special education needs. Equality Act 2006 There are professional boundries that we have to follow as teachers in lifelong sectors and must not cross. not socialise with learners talking about their personal affairs. exchanging contacts numbers . going out on dates if a learner has a person problem like domestic abuse they need to be reffered to the person in the institution which would give them the most suitable advise .

Juvenile Delinquency Essays -- Youth Crime essays research papers

Juvenile Delinquency There is no doubt that various experts can give us many theories as to the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence. However, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to own a dog, but one does not have to have training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, yet, many parents today are already contributing to the ever-increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to be parents. Being a parent is a lifelong commitment and new parents must learn parenting skills immediately; they do not have the luxury of internships and often times, mistakes in parenting will have drastic effects on the child. There are many reasons for the widespread crisis in families today. Below are some of those causes: Changes in the Social Environment - there have been many changes in our social environment over the last twenty-five years. These changes have made a risky environment for today's youth. Children and teenagers spend more time with peer groups than ever before. Drugs and deadly weapons are used increasingly as ways to solve problems. Illicit and explicit sexuality and violence are the main subjects of choice in the media; and the impact of media influence has widened and become more vivid with the introduction of computers, video games, portable stereos and MTV. Changes in Family Structure and Functioning - The prevalence of divorce and the increasing number of women in the workplace have reduced the number of adults who provide interaction, structure and supervision in a child's life. Along with this, institutions have not kept pace in providing alternative programs for unsupervised kids. Add to this new parenting expectations that come with single parent and step-parent families and you now have a confusing, often inconsistent and/or unreliable home base for children. Confusion... ... Reference Page 1. Kortege, Carglyn. Parenthood Training Promoted. The Register Guard. Des Moines, IA www.os/c.org/InTheNews/parenthood 2. Child Abuse Prevention Network, "Moral Development and Boys, James Garbarino, PH.D www.child.cornell.edu/npr.violentboys 3. Conseur, Amy, Rivera, Frederick P., Baronski, Robert and Irvin, Emanuel, "Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Later Delinquency." Pediatrics, June, 1997, v. 99, p 785 (6) 4. Berg, Stacie Zoe, "High Praise For Strict Parenting," Insight on the News, Sept. 1, 1997, v 13, n 32, p. 43 (1) 5. Encarta Online Deluxe, Juvenile Crime www.encarta.msn.com/encart 6. Alternatives For Parents Who Have Lost Control www.fbcbaytown.org/parents 7. Boostrom, Ron, "Enduring Issues in Criminology - Opposing Viewpoints," Greenhaven Press, Inc., P.O. Box 289009, San Diego, CA 92198-9009, p. 121-125, 173-174, 180 8. MacKenzie, D.L. 1997, Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention. In Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What Looks Promising (A Report to the United States Congress), eds. L.W. Sherman, D. Gottfredson, D.MacKenzie, J. Eck, P. Reuter and S. Bushway, Washington, D.C. - National Institute of Justice

Notes on “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

â€Å"Though the novel is entitled The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the story is told by Huck, the key character in the novel is Jim† The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has two key characters, one is the slave Jim, the other; the protagonist Huck. Jim and Huck could each be considered the key characters for different reasons, Jim as he is the main representative of the typical slave (slavery being the most important theme of this novel) and Huck for he is the main storyteller. Jim is an important character in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and without him the novel would be ineffectual. However The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about the adventures of the protagonist Huck, and it is more likely that the key character of this novel is Huck because we see everything from his view. In a novel which is written as a satiric social comment upon the southern states of America Jim’s role as the manifestation of slavery must be a key one. Incidents in which Jim interacts with other characters and their reactions to him are meant to symbolise the wider society’s opinions on slaves and the practice of slavery. Jim, is a heroic figure in a book whose main characters consist of liars, cheats and scoundrels. Jim always does the right thing if he can, he always feels empathy for others even if those people show no such emotions for him. The incident at the end of the novel when he saves Tom and risks what he believes to be his own freedom is a case in point. We empathise with Jim because even though other characters suggest that his feelings are least important, whose life is lesser, whose existence is trivial, he manages to stay cheerful, and even kind to those who treat him in this manner. This quality makes him even more heroic, for he is a figure who turns the other cheek, and is kind to others no matter what. Jim doesn’t lie or cheat, or steal or gamble and looks down on these activities. Jim is never bitter, he never complains, and never expects Huck to return or even notice what he does for him. However this is no to say that Huck is not heroic himself, his support for Jim, a black man, who Huck has been taught is inferior and as important as a pack horse is astounding, and displays that Huck is strong enough and heroic enough to make the harder choice and choose his heart over his conscience. An example of Huck choosing his heart occurs just after Jim has been sold by the King and the Duke for forty dollars, Huck believes he has been forced to make a choice between Jim and heaven. He chooses Jim with the words † All right then, I’ll go to hell†. It is Jim’s escape and the subsequent threat of his re-capture that provides the reason for himself and Huck to leave the island and travel down the river where most of their adventures occur. Without Jim Twain would lack a reason for Huck to travel down the river and experience what he experiences, without Jim this would be little more than a story about a boy who fakes his own death, and then lives on an island. Add to this the fact that Jim is the leader during the travel down the river. He is the one who knows all the signs of weather, either good or bad, it is he who makes their journey its success and ensures their lives. Jim is the maturest out of himself and Huck. Huck’s immaturity is shown when he puts the rattlesnake in Jim’s sleeping bag, or when he plays a trick on Jim during the fog. Jim’s maturity is displayed by his reaction to the incident when Huck plays a trick on him during the fog. Without Jim the novel would be innefectual because Huck’s development would be stunted without him. One prime example of Jim’s importance occurs when Huck comes closer to fully realising that Jim is a real person too and the colour of his skin does not diminish his humanity. Huck has realised that Jim is a human and that he should not play tricks on him or regard him as stupid, around the end of the novel Huck says â€Å"I knowed he was white inside†, Huck is expresing his realisation that Jim is a human in the only way he knows through making Jim white. Huck’s realisation is well brought across to us just after he has hidden in the fog, and returned to Jim, Jim works out that Huck is trying to trick him and reacts very badly to Huck’s prank. Huck then says. â€Å"it was fifteen minutes before I could work myself to humble to a nigger- but I done it, and I warn’t ever sorry for it afterwards, neither. I didn’t do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn’t done that one if I’d knowed it would make him feel that way’. Huck and Jim have a symbiotic relationship, they need each other Huck needs Jim to remain dynamic and keep our attention, and Jim needs Huck to justify his presence in the novel. Jim’s effect on Huck is huge it is through Jim that Huck begins to learn about how the colour of skin does not alter the person inside. An example of this occurs when Huck says † and I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does for their’n â€Å". Huck justifies Jim’s existence as a character of substance in this novel, for through helping Huck and caring for him, Jim is makes an impact on the reader, and hence makes his position in the novel as one of it’s main characters more tenable. However while it is obviously true that Jim teaches Huck he is not Huck’s only teacher, several other characters such as Pap and Tom also teach Huck valuable lessons. One example of Huck being taught by someone other than Jim occurs when Huck says â€Å"If I never learnt nothin else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way. † It is through Huck and his reactions to various events that Twain passes on his opinions to the reader. Huck is a character through which the author, in Twain puts across his point of view, for example Huck’s realisation that Jim is also a human and also important. Twain is trying to get this message across to the public. Huck is a representation of the common person at the beginning of the novel. He is white, uneducated, simple, and not willing to think about what he is told just willing to accept it. Huck’s realisations about right and wrong, and importantly his own ability to determine this for himself are drawn out and argued logically inside a story which will hold the readers attention. Through Huck Twain frames all the key issues of freedom, racism and slavery, personal integrity and social rebellion against social attitudes of the period. This occurs when Huck interacts with key characters who are representative of a theme or an idea being presented by Twain. For example his interaction with Tom who represents conventional social attitudes, as the novel progresses Huck is less inclined to accept what Tom says or does as correct. One example of this occurs when Huck quits Tom Sawyers band of thieves, he no longer agrees with Tom, and many of Tom’s imagined incidents such as that of rading the summer school picnic no longer hold any credence with Huck. This moving away from Tom and what he represents, is an indication of Twain’s rejection of conventional social values. Jim is the symbolic representation of only one of these points of discussion, slavery. Jim is only a part of that whole because he represents only one of the themes that Twain is discussing in this novel. Unlike Huck, Jim is not the one who reveals the author’s opinions through his actions and reactions he is merely representative of one of these ideas. Without Huck’s presence the novel lacks a unifying element. Jim is unable to fill the void in this regard as he is a relatively static character who does not change. This is unlike the dynamic Huck who changes some of his opinions and learns about many things ranging from serious issues such as slavery to simpler things such as to how to discern what the weather will be. The most important factor that leads me to argue that Huck is the protagonist comes from the fact that the whole novel is told in first person. It is Huck’s views not Jim’s that we get, it is his outlook that colours our opinion, and most importantly his vernacular we read. In fact Jim himself is seen through Huck’s eyes, with Huck’s opinion colouring our own. Huck is omnipresent, this is not so with Jim he continuously disappears when it does not serve Twain to have him in the episode. Debates inside Huck’s mind, the incident when Huck plays a trick on Jim during the fog, and even the whole Shepardson, Grangerford incident are lacking the presence of Jim. When Huck meets the Shepardsons and the Grangerfords, for example Jim magically disappears into the bushes to repair the raft. Huck is in every moment of the novel, and other characters are merely there because they interact with Huck, Jim is no exception. Jim is an extremely important character in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Jim represents slavery the major theme of the novel, is forgiving, and kind, however this makes him a heroic character, not the key character. Huck on the other hand is the key character by virtue of his predominance throughout the book, he is on every page, and every line and unlike Jim he is the character who reveals and in effect discusses issues through his reactions, action and interaction with other characters. Hence it is fair and logical to conclude that although important Jim is not the key character of the novel, that honour must go to Huck.

Qualities Important in Becoming an Officer in the United States Army Essay

I don’t believe anyone could argue that it takes a good amount of leadership in order to become a successful United States Military Academy cadet, as well as an officer in the United States Army. This is almost certainly one of the first things someone would look for in a strong officer. A strong leader can impact his soldiers in various ways. If your soldiers don’t stand behind you, and don’t have faith in you, they are more prone to disagree with or disobey your orders. Aside from leadership, a USMA cadet should be able to easily demonstrate confidence. What good is an officer who knows what must be done, but cannot effectively stand in front of his soldiers and tell them what needs to be done? As an officer in the Army, there will be numerous times where you will need to speak to groups of soldiers of varying sizes. Whether it’s something as simple as giving a safety brief, or something more important such as a mission briefing, you will need to have confidence in yourself in order to accomplish this. A USMA cadet should also have integrity, which happens to be one of the seven army values as well. I define integrity as doing the right thing, even when you think no one is watching. Lacking integrity in the civilian world is one thing, however in the military it is incredibly more dangerous as it could result in the death of fellow soldiers or even yourself. For example if you’re on guard for the night and decide that you would rather catch up on your sleep, you are endangering yourself along with all your battle buddies. A successful Army officer is also going to benefit from having a willingness to learn. Although West Point will have done it’s very best to prepare you for the duties of an officer, there is only so much you can learn from a classroom environment. While a brand new 2nd Lieutenant Platoon Leader may outrank a Sergeant First Class, there is still a vast amount of knowledge that the new Lieutenant can pick up from that E7. In my short time in the Army I have noticed that the young Lieutenants are almost always willing to take advice from their senior noncommissioned officers. Another important quality in an Army officer is bravery. Even if you are not serving in a combat MOS, you never know when you will be required to be brave You also need to have the courage to stand up for what you believe in, and for what you know to be right. Another quality that will keep your soldiers on your side is loyalty. If you can’t stay loyal to your soldiers, they will not have as much motivation to stay loyal to you. That also ties into the obvious loyalty to your country that is required of any military member. There are so many integral qualities and morals that are required of an officer in the Army. Unfortunately I am restricted with the length of this essay, but I have tried to highlight what I believe to be some of the most important values that should be deep inside all officers. Without values and morals your character will most likely be lacking and who would want to follow you at that point?

Dangerous Liaisons essays

Dangerous Liaisons essays Les Liaisons Dangereuses is a complex and disturbing portrayal of the noble class in France. Set in the late eighteenth century just before the revolution, Les Liaisons Dangereuses weaves a web of cold, calculated betrayal of the most immoral kind. It is a mannered, elegant tale in which the languorous intrigues of the opening scenes set up the violent passions of the later ones. It is a story in which the surfaces are usually calm and only the flash of an eye or a slightly raised voice betrays the most terrible struggles going on beneath. This is a scandalous drama about the sexual machinations of two jaded French aristocrats who use sex and desire as weapons of destruction and as means to hunt for revenge and acquire power. As they climb the social ladder they ruin the lives of the innocent people who surround them. The Marquise de Merteuil lives in a world of drawing rooms and boudoirs, where she preys upon the innocent and naive, shattering their idealism with a triumphant laugh. Her partner and confidant is the Vicomte de Valmont, who was once her lover and is now her weapon against young women presumptuous enough to love. Seduction is nothing more than a game to them and in their private score keeping, nothing counts more than a heart destroyed and hopes laid to waste. The cold-blooded twosome proceeds gleefully with their heartless scheme until true love unexpectedly alters the course of events. Merteuil and Valmont's greatest pleasure is causing the loss of virtue and shattering hearts. They disguise their depraved indifference as principles to live by and scorn those who experience true emotions. They are so hardened to the ordinary feelings of life that only one emotion can destroy them: love. The story unfolds in the form of letters written between the principal characters, giving it a unique literary texture. By using this style, Laclos is able to give the reader a shockingly intimate look at these peop...

MGMT 3000 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT 3000 - Term Paper Example It is in 1974 that the term burnout was first coined, Herbert Freudenberger being the man behind its invention. Tracy 2000 in her research defined organizational burnout as the alienation and general wearing out from work related pressures (Maslach, Leiter & Schaufeli 394) . Several theories have been postulated by many a psychologist in an attempt to explain burnout and its effects. The level of one’s burnout is a direct influence of the way stress is processed by an individual. It is also noted that an individual may be experiencing a few stressors yet he/she may not be able to process the stresses which eventually results in burnout. On the other hand, another individual may be subjected to numerous stressors all of which he/she may well process and therefore not experience burnout. There are a number of tests that one can be subjected to determine if a person will or is experience burnout according to Dierendonck, Schaufeli and Buunk (395). Indeed many psychologists admit that burnout is greatly related to work although it can also result from certain personality traits (such as being perfectionist) and lifestyles (Maslach, Leiter & Schaufeli 401). The way a person spends his/her downtime and their perspective of the world can for example can lead to burnout at work or at home. Some of the main causes of burnout include long working hours and continual surveillance from peers, customers and superiors especially at work, overly demanding expectations at work, doing work that lacks challenge or is monotonous, having no control over work and working under intense pressures. Having less sleep, lack of supportive relationships, having too many responsibilities and overworking are some of the lifestyles that could cause burnout. In general, it is noted that at work, the condition leads to low performance and output while it can also affect one’s health as it increases the chances

Organizational Development Intervention Paper Essay

Organizational Development Intervention Paper - Essay Example Group level diagnosis The inputs in group level diagnosis include organizational blueprint aspects that are inherent in the entire organization within which the group functions (Cummings and Worley 61). The following characteristics within the organization were identified as affecting group functioning. Technology The company has been in recent times initiated an upgrading program to increase the efficiency of the communication system. This includes the purchases of computer, networking and elevating internet bandwidth including an upgrade to HP Integrity BL860c i2 OpenVMS and CAD. The project has cost the company $250, 000. Other technological improvements include the purchases of new sewing machines and increasing the length of the processing line. Nevertheless, mid level employees are especially dissatisfied since the communication system changes do not meet their suggested quality. They opine that the internet connection is quite slow and is affecting them. The latest machines in the processing line are difficult to operate since no prior training was availed. This was emphasized by the 73% of factory employees who were dissatisfied by the situation. Structure The company has five major divisions dealing with HR, procurement, designing, manufacturing, and marketing. All the heads of the divisions answer to the president. However, within each division, there are groups with varied tasks. These groups give feedback to any of the four heads of divisions. For example, a group in designing children ware may be required to respond to the head of promotion directly without the involvement of the head of design. Sometimes, such a group is required to present its findings to different heads at different times. The interests of the heads at times conflict, since each, seeks to enhance the performance of their divisions without coordination with the other divisions. Evaluation systems The performance of the group is not formally evaluated; hence there are no form rewa rd systems. A group appreciation or reward is dependent on the disposition of the division head under which they operate. A normal source of reward, for example, for the designing groups is when products perform well in the market. This is mostly indicated by the acclaim of the product in the market. In such a case, the group that designed the product may be recognized by being awarded a bonus in the following month. Nevertheless, such occurrences are rare, especially since the start of the company’s sales decline. Only 38 % indicated that they have been rewarded in their job. Other instances of rewards include the company’s annual meeting where individuals are recognized for various feats. However, lower level employees opine that the recognitions are reserved for higher level employees only, only 16% expecting to be rewarded before retirement. Promotions are random, which leaves some employees feeling they were bypassed with no substantiation. Other personnel complai n that they have been in the same positions for long; this was expressed by 59% of all interviewed employees. The hiring of employees is based on merit. Job openings are posted on the media and appropriate procedures are followed. However, the salaries offered by the company are below industry average salary and are 76% of the industry average. This makes the company fail to attract highly motivated and qualified individuals. Most of the applicants in the job openings are young graduates who soon move away after some time. This has

Information tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Information tech - Essay Example ed on the behavioral aspects of management accounting information, management accounting information is a necessity in business due to its capacity to change the financial position and performance of business. This has an impact on managers responsible for drawing business objectives since they are the major users of such information (Vitez 196). Depending on the level of information details available, business management decisions are based on good management information system and are only as good as how well and current information is provided. Fulfillment of business objectives is based on critical decisions, and not guesses work about elements such as budgets and costs. Through maintaining a good management accounting system, managers are able to spruce up their probability of making ideal business decisions. Even though information may not be the only key thing in business, it provides a real important component in decision making process (Vitez 198). Therefore providing inform ation improves the quality of decisions which result to actions that contribute to the fulfillment of the objectives of the business in the best way possible. In summary, providing management accounting information will not only improve the quality of business decision making, but also increase business efficiency, maximize profitability, simplify financial statement, control the cash flow of the business, increase financial reforms, reduce expenses, and solve problems and conflicts, and better financial reporting (Vitez

707 week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

707 week 6 - Assignment Example It is however relatively expensive, has limited scope, and may be susceptible to environmental factors. Interviews involves oral presentation of prompts to which a research participant respond and could be face to face or involve the use of technologies such as phones or computer and internet applications for oral and visual communication over long distances. Unlike in observation, interviews involve the research participants and therefore induce threats of participant bias though it offers more in-depth information. Questionnaires, however, have written prompts and establish a distinction between a researcher and research participants. It is less expensive, convenient, and flexible, and the use of technology, such as in online enhances these advantages (Kothari, 2004). A research aims at developing knowledge, from existing data, for solving a problem or bridging information gap and reliability and validity ensures realization of the aims. Reliability defines consistency in data and ensures that results and implications are consistent with identified problem while validity ensures accuracy in knowledge development for addressing a research problem (Heavey, 2014). It is necessary to code collected data before analysis because coding aligns data with analysis objectives and selected analysis technique (Lester, 2013). Gender is one of the identified variables and 1 will represent male while 2 will represent

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy

A Study On Zero Tolerance Policy There are hundreds if not thousands of students in any given school. The sheer size and magnitude of the student population encompassed in these schools leads to complications of school safety. Zero tolerance is a policy which was brought about enforcing school safety more firmly, and aimed to better protect students. However, the way in which these students are protected is highly debatable, making the zero tolerance ideology very controversial. Exactly which approach is most effective in protecting a student, let alone, thousands? Is strictness more effective than leniency? Overly strict policies aim to protect the majority, however, severally punish those who have to deal with the wrath of zero tolerance, those who violate the rules. Overly lenient policies can lead to dreadful events, however, give students a sense of reason, in turn creating an understanding of what they have done wrong. In the long run which method is most effective in protecting students? These type of questio ns, along with the excess amount of questionable cases, compose a highly controversial topic. The well being of a student is the single most important factor for public schools. No parent would ever send their child to school if there was a high probability of violence. For this reason there are people who favor zero tolerance. Domoine D. Rutledge, general counsel for the East Baton Rouge Parish School System in Louisiana, reports that zero tolerance policies have aided in creating a culture inside schools that certain things will not be tolerated, period. However, whether or not that policy is effective relies on how fairly its enforced and how consistently its enforced. He continues saying that: Schools districts have had to really balance the interest of the whole school, the student body, teachers and faculty . . . as well as the rights of individual bad actors. The ability to strike that balance, and to do it fairly, more than likely influences the effectiveness of the zero-tolerance policies. Whether or not zero tolerance is effective brings about more argumentative material. Statistical data reports a significant drop in school homicides following the 1999 school shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado strongly suggesting, as Rutledge advocates, zero tolerance has in fact led to safer schools for students. (nces.ed.gov) Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, stated that, The arrest of a pair of New Jersey 8-year-olds for pointing paper guns at classmates was just the kind of episode that leads people to question zero-tolerance policies. (Billitteri) Statements such as those insinuate a basis of anti-zero tolerance and further complicate the controversy. However it must be noted that, Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake, Hymowitz says. (Billitteri) How is one supposed to know the intentions of a giving situa tion? While the general consensus will no doubtingly agree that a pair of 8-year-olds pose little to no threat, on the slight chance of an event occurring, the questions of why werent they stopped or how could you assume will undeniably be asked, and in this sense, it is without a doubt better to assume the ugly and end up being wrong, than to assume no harm and end up with fatal consequences. Hymowitz continues, stating that, Zero tolerance may be more symptom than cure for the uneasy disciplinary climate of our schools. Certainly its no final answer to out-of-control 5-year-olds or revenge-crazed teenagers. But as the threats continue and the bombs and guns appear, its all weve got. (Billitteri) Bringing back the topic of effectiveness, those with the get-tough attitude witness no proof of zero tolerance policies creating a safer environment in schools. In fact, a decade of research on such policies by the American Psychological Association have concluded that zero tolerance can a ctually increase bad behavior and also lead to higher dropout rates. Schools are not any safer or more effective in disciplining children than before these zero-tolerance policies were implemented, the association said. (APA) There is much debate surrounding zero tolerance, however, the real problems arise when zero tolerance is set in motion. The question at hand to those who oppose zero tolerance falls into the legitimacy and fairness of punishment. In Newark, Delaware a 6 year old boy took a camping utensil which can be used as a knife, fork and spoon to school. Naturally anyone can safely assume there is no harm, however, Zachary Christie received 45 days in the districts reform school. (Urbina) In this case, the well being of the students surrounding Christie is thrown out of the window and it comes down to its consistency in being enforced. The boy clearly had no intention in causing harm, however, was treated as if he was. The only reason he was apprehended as a criminal was to set an example. Those who think to bring anything similar to school, be it a fork, a knife, or gun, will think back to Christie and decided not to. While this incident might seem like one of a kind, unfortunately, it is far from that. Zachary Christie is not alone, there are handfuls of cases which bring about much controversy over zero toler ance. During October of 1999 in Atlanta, Georgia a 15 year old South Cobb High School sophomore brought an unloaded gun to school. When school officials found the gun in his backpack he was immediately and permanently expelled from the school district. (Skiba 3) A sixth grader at Whitman Middle School in Seattle, Washington brought a squirt gun, painted black and brown to school during September of 1999. He was expelled after the gun fell out of his book bag during lunch. (Skiba 4) David Silverstein, a seventh grader in Glendale, Arizona, motivated by the film October Sky, brought a homemade rocket to school made out of a potato chip canister. Considered a weapon, school officials suspended him upon arrival. (Skiba 4) During May of 1999 in Pensacola, Florida a sophomore received a 10 day suspension and was threatened with expulsion after loaning her nail clippers to a friend temporarily. Quoted from the principal, Life goes on. You learn from your mistakes. We are recommending expul sion. (Skiba 4) On the morning of a late June day in 1998 two high school seniors in Pinellas County, Florida arrived to school and were immediately expelled. School officials were tipped off that the boys had skipped school and smoked marijuana with some friends. A federal appeals court ruled against the district, stating that the school had not even a scintilla of evidence that the two boys were under the influence at school. (Skiba 5) In February of 1999 in Ewing, New Jersey a freshman was accused of taking drugs and was asked to visit the school nurse to check his pulse and blood pressure. His suspicious behavior which forced this drug screen upon him was because he dozed off in his social studies class. The principal immediately suspended him after he refused to submit to a drug test. Eventually the boy was forced into taking a drug test as the principle declined to readmit him until he had done so. (Skiba 5) A sophomore at Westlake High School in February of 1999 was suspended for two full school weeks after he announced his French teacher was not fluent in the language during the schools morning announcements. School officials considered the comment as a verbal attack against the teacher in an attempt to justify their actions. (Skiba 6) These cases do nothing but illustrate the negative aspects of zero tolerance. However, one can see the argument for zero tolerance as any further actions were eliminated before they could occur. Even though, at what point are schools sending the wrong message, and ultimately, when will this wrong message be more detrimental to students? Another topic of discussion is the message zero tolerance sends to the students. Should the punishment fit the crime? Those in favor of zero tolerance tend to believe the only way to clarify right from wrong is to strictly enforce school policies, and consistently enforce them. While this without a doubt protects the students from possible threats, at the same time one can question whether or not this also sends a negative message. Punishing a student for a petty mistake with grave consequences instills fear among the student population and scares them into conformity. This is not a message students should be receiving. Treating those like Zachary Christie, to use as an example, can negatively affect their mental health. Its much more difficult for Christie to tell right from wrong, and in his mind, he has not done anything wrong, yet still received punishment. To Christie he got punished for nothing, which will affect his psychological wellbeing unconstructively. How will he learn f rom his mistake and how will he look at other things in life now that he has been severally punished for such a small and innocent act? He is 6 years old, he does not need to go through this. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it hinders education. Students unnecessarily miss school to serve their punishment which also leads to future problems. Julia Steiny, a former member of the Providence School Board, reported that a kid [student] whos been suspended is statistically at high risk of dropping out of school. (Steiny) Supporting zero tolerance, Kay S. Hymowitz, a contributing editor for a magazine published by the conservative Manhattan Institute, wrote that Its not so easy to distinguish the prankster from the wild-eyed adolescent with a [lethal] plan when lives are at stake. (Billitteri) To school officials, the assumption of trusting a student who has made a mistake, or is joking around, is a much greater risk. One cannot truly know the intentions of a given situa tion, only can one assume what is going on. To those who are pro-zero tolerance, safety comes first, no matter how accomplished. Zero tolerance is a very intriguing topic simply because of the complexity behind it. Those in favor make incredibly compelling and persuasive arguments. However on the flip side, those who are against it make just as valid arguments. I believe there is too much information out there to be able to claim being on one extreme end of the spectrum, whether its for or against zero tolerance. While to some extent zero tolerance is effective, after going through the plethora amount of research, I ultimately believe zero tolerance is a hindrance and a negative aspect on school safety. Not ended, but rethought I believe zero tolerance needs to go through. While the core idea behind it, safety for every student, sounds great on paper, in practice, it has obviously failed. While there are not many, there are still several cases where small acts have led to obscene punishments, completely blown out of proportion. Another negative aspect of zero tolerance is that it sends the wrong message to stu dents. For these reasons, zero tolerance needs to end in public schools, and needs to be rethought. Works Cited American Psychological Association. Zero Tolerance Policies Are Not As Effective As Thought In Reducing Violence and Promoting Learning In School. APA Press Release. 9 Aug. 2006. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Billitteri, Thomas J. Discipline in Schools. CQ Press Electronic Library. 15 Feb. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Hymowitz, Kay S. Zero Tolerance Is Schools First Line of Defense. Manhattan Institute. Newsday, 18 Apr. 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. . Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007 Executive Summary. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a part of the U.S. Department of Education. Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2009. . Steiny, Julia. Julia Steiny: Zero-tolerance policies in schools need to end. Rhode Island, Providence, news, sports, entertainment, ads | The Providence Journal. 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Trump, Ken. Zero Tolerance and School Safety. School Safety and School Security Experts: National School Safety and Security Services. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. . Skiba, Russell J. Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence. Rep. Indiana University: Indiana Education Policy Center, 2009. Urbina, Ian. Its a Fork, Its a Spoon, Its a Weapon? The New York Times Breaking News, World News Multimedia. 11 Oct. 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2009. .

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa :: Causes of Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa

What is an eating disorder? A simple definition of an eating disorder is abnormal patterns of behavior and thought. All eating disorders have shared characteristics. There is fear of becoming fat, drive to become thin, an obsession with food, weight, and calories. Families of sufferers also have an increased incidence of depression, obesity, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Two main eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Anorexia is an eating disorder in which a person is obsessed by thoughts of an unattainable image of â€Å"perfect† thinness. This occurs by starvation and/or excessive exercise and can result in death. Bulimia is an eating disorder involving the alternation between the extremes of eating large amounts of food in a short time, and then compensating for the added calories either by vomiting or other extreme actions to avoid gaining weight. There are other eating disorders other than Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Some include Food Avoidance Emotional Disorder (FAED), Food Refusal, Pervasive Refusal, Selective Eating, and Appetite Loss Secondary to Depression. Food Avoidance Emotional Disorder was first introduced by Higgs and colleagues in 1989. Sufferers of FAED have a history of food avoidance or difficulty. They also have a disorder of emotions. FAED patients have an absence of organic brain disease, psychosis, illicit drug abuse, or prescribed drug-related causes. Food Refusal is common in young children. "I'm all done." "Mommy, I don't want anymore." "No! I won't eat." These are all common phrases that a child of this problem might utter. These children often need to be bribed with threats of no dessert, or bribing them with their favorite foods. It is hard to distinguish between fads and eating disorders. Food refusers will eat their favorite foods with complete ease and also in certain situations such as a friend's house. Surprisingly these types of children are not underweight and not calorie conscious. This eating behavior is generally viewed as a behavioral problem that usually resolves itself in time. It does not represent a serious threat to the child's health or well being. Described by Lask, "Pervasive Refusal is a condition that is manifested by profound and pervasive refusal to eat, drink, walk, talk or engage in self-care. Children with this particular combination of symptoms do not fit any existing diagnostic category, and suggest that the condition may be understood as an extreme variation of the avoidance behavior seen in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Development of an Equation Essay

Purpose: Investigate a chemical reaction using lab procedures and observations. Then, find a pattern of reactivity and explain the findings using a chemical equation and particle diagram. Procedure: Refer to: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University. â€Å"Development of an Equation.† General Chemistry 1210 Laboratory Manual. Vol. 2013-2014. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil. 32-35. Data/Results: Part A: In the potassium iodide solution, I think there were potassium atoms as well as iodine atoms. In the lead nitrate solution, I think there were lead and nitrate ions. The potassium atoms and the lead atoms can be classified as cations, since they are metals. The iodine atoms and the nitrate ion can be classified as anions since they are nonmetals. Upon mixing, the solution turned into a cloudy yellow color. Evidence that a chemical reaction occurred was that the two solutions created a new color because the two solutions were originally colorless. There was no gas formed. Part B: (Testing the Anions) Iodide reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- The precipitate at the bottom turned into a red solid and the liquid solution was a dirty yellow color. Nitrate reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- A colorless precipitate formed at the bottom and looked like a bubble. It was a relatively large bubble. The liquid solution was colorless and cloudy/fizzy. Since the reaction resulted in some fizzing and bubbles, this is indication that a gas was formed. (Testing the Cations) Potassium reaction with thioacetamide observations – No reaction occurred. Lead reaction with thioacetamide observations – A violet-black precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was a cloudy grey color. It was about the same size precipitate as the nitrate reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Strong smell from the thioacetamide. Part C: Identification of ions in the precipitate that forms when lead nitrate solution is added to potassium iodide solution. (Testing for Anions) Reaction with hydrogen peroxide observations- A dark red precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was colorless. There was not a large amount of precipitate formed and it sort of smeared along the inside of the test tube. Inferences: What anions are in the precipitate? -iodine (I-) When compared with results from part B to test anions, similar results were found. A dark red precipitate was formed in both. (Testing for cations) Reaction with hydrogen sulfide observations- A small, violet-black precipitate formed at the bottom of the test tube and the liquid solution was grey and cloudy. Inferences: What cations are in the precipitate? – lead (Pb2+) When compared with results from part B to test cations, similar results were found, A violet-black precipitate was formed in both tests. Exchange reaction- Positive potassium started off with negative iodine, and positive lead started off with negative nitrate. Potassium switched to combine with nitrate and lead switched to combine with iodine. Part D: Testing of Precipitate| Observations on Initial Precipitate Formed (relative amount, etc.)| Lead Nitrate: Potassium Iodide Ratio| Tube 1| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Not very much precipitate. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate. | 3:1| Tube 2| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Equal to tube 1. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 2:1| Tube 3| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. A little more precipitate than tube 1 and 2. Little to no streaking. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 1:1| Tube 4| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Much more than tube 3. Noticeable streaking of precipitate along sides of test tube. Clear liquid solution above precipitate.| 1:2| Tube 5| Powdery, yellow precipitate formed at the bottom. Most precipitate formed out of all test tubes. A lot of streaking of the precipitate along sides of the test tube. Clear liquid solution above precipitate. | 1:3| Testing of Supernatant| Observations| Inferences: Which ions were in the supernatant? List cations and anions.| Tube 1| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide. | Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 2| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 3| The solution was clear with lead nitrate, but turned a yellow cloudy color with the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 4| The solution was clear with both the lead nitrate and the potassium iodide.| Pb2+ (lead)-cationsNO3- (nitrate)-anions| Tube 5| The solution was a little yellow with the lead nitrate, and a little less yellow with the potassium iodide.| K+ (potassium)I- (iodine)| Discussion/Conclusion: In part A, the first step was to obtain 5 drops of potassium iodine and 5 drops of lead nitrate and put them into a test tube and record observations. Then, to test the anions in part B, 5 drops of potassium iodine, 5 drops of nitric, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 drops hydrogen peroxide to a new test tube. Then to a separate test tube, 5 drops of potassium nitrate, 5 drops of nitric acid, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 hydrogen peroxide to a new test tube. Both should be stoppered and shook to produce two distinct layers. To test the cations, 2 test tubes would each get 20 drops of thioacetamide and 2 drops of nitric acid. One would get 5 drops of lead nitrate and the other 5 drops of potassium nitrite. Both test tubes were heated for 5 minutes and observations were recorded. In part C, the sample was used from part A and the test tube was centrifuged, then the clear aqueous layer was removed and discarded and the precipitate was washed with distilled w ater. This process was repeated once more. To test the anions, 5 drops of nitric acid, 10 drops of dichloroethane, and 5 drops of hydrogen peroxide were added to the solid precipitate and the test tube was stoppered and shook. These results were compared to the results from part B. To test for cations, the less colored aqueous layer was transferred to a clean test tube and the leftover layer was discarded. The solution was heated in a water bath until clear. 20 drops of thioacetamide were added, stirred then heated in a water bath and compared to the results from part B. In part D, to determine the ratio of  ions in the precipitate, 5 test tubes were labelled 1-5 and were filled according to table 3.1 on page 34 of the lab manual. The same medicine dropper was used for all drops and the test tubes were stoppered and shook, then centrifuged. The relative amounts and appearance of each precipitate were recorded. To test for potassium of iodide ions in the supernatant, 5 drops of lead nitrate were added to 5 separate test tubes with along with 5 drops from the appropriate test tube solution. The same was done to test for lead or nitrate ions, but potassium iodide was added instead. The perfect ratio for thi s lab was 2 potassium iodides for every lead nitrate. This ratio was found from balancing the equation and from comparing the results from part C to part B to match the observations of the precipitates. The ratio is the molar mass ratio of the balanced equation. The balanced equation was: 2KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s) and the formula of the precipitate was PbI2(s) based on the observations. In part B, the test for anions resulted in a dark red precipitate which was the iodide solution with hydrogen peroxide. In part C, the same results were found when lead nitrate and potassium iodide were added to hydrogen peroxide, therefore; the anions found were iodide ions because it has a negative 1 charge. In part B to test cations, the precipitate was a violet-black color for the lead solution reaction with thioacetamide. In part C, the same results were found when lead nitrate and potassium iodide were added to hydrogen sulfide. The cations found were lead ions since they have a positive 2 charge. Some inherent errors could have been while extracting the clear aqueous solution, some of the precipitate could have been extracted with the solution and transferred into another test tube. Upon heating, not all of the precipitate dissolved. Some of the drops with the micropipet varied also. The medicine dropper was more precise with the drops. Through this lab, a chemical reaction was used to find the pattern of reactivity which was an exchange reaction. This is known by finding the chemical equation and properly balancing it which is seen above. This lead to the ability to create a particle diagram and the findings of a perfect ratio of lead nitrate to potassium iodide.